ABSTRACT
Chamaecrista belongs to subtribe Cassiinae (Caesalpinioideae), and it comprises over 330 species, divided into six sections. The section Xerocalyx has been subjected to a profound taxonomic shuffling over the years. Therefore, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using a cpDNA trnE-trnT intergenic spacer and nrDNA ITS/5.8S sequences from Cassiinae taxa, in an attempt to elucidate the relationships within this section from Chamaecrista. The tree topology was congruent between the two data sets studied in which the monophyly of the genus Chamaecrista was strongly supported. Our analyses reinforce that new sectional boundaries must be defined in the Chamaecrista genus, especially the inclusion of sections Caliciopsis and Xerocalyx in sect. Chamaecrista, considered here paraphyletic. The section Xerocalyx was strongly supported as monophyletic; however, the current data did not show C. ramosa (microphyllous) and C. desvauxii (macrophyllous) and their respective varieties in distinct clades, suggesting that speciation events are still ongoing in these specimens.
ABSTRACT
We have previously identified a crude extract of the plant Chamaecrista nictitans (Fabaceae) with antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus. The main objectives of this research were to identify the step of the replication cycle of herpes simplex inhibited by the extract, and to attempt to characterize the chemical characteristics of this extract. The crude extract from--Chamaecrista nictitans (Fabaceae) was extracted with a mixture of diclorometane/methanol, and further fractionated following a bioassay-guided protocol using a combination of preparative thin layer and column chromatography. Toxicity and bioassay experiments were carried out in monolayers of Vero cells. The antiviral activity of the extract was assessed by total inhibition of cytopathic effect after three-day incubation. The highest concentration of the extract which was not toxic to the cells was 200 ptg/ml. Western blot and immunofluorescence techniques were used to elucidate the antiviral mechanism of the extract by infecting Vero cells with the virus at different times and monitoring the synthesis of viral proteins. A 60 kDa protein was detected at 2 hr and 8 hr post-infection but no additional proteins were synthesized at later time intervals, and cytopathic effect was not observed after 24 hr. This result indicates that the extract acts at the intracellular level in order to inhibit late transcription. However, it does not inhibit transcription/translation of early viral proteins. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence experiments. A strong fluorescent signal was observed in control cell monolayers at 24 hr post infection, accompanied with a clear cytopathic effect. In contrast, in the presence of acyclovir or the extract, cells showed very discrete immunofluorescence, characterized by a punctuated pattern, and no cytopathic effect was observed. Neutralization assays were performed using pre-incubation of virus with either specific herpes simplex-1 antiserum, 200...
Subject(s)
Animals , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Fabaceae/chemistry , Virus Replication , Simplexvirus , Acyclovir/pharmacology , Chlorocebus aethiops , Vero Cells , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Peninha-Chamaecrista nictans subsp. patellaria var. ramosa Irwin & Barneby (Cassia patellaria D.C.) é usada na medicina popular para problemas renais a pedras nos rins. O estudo farmacognóstico desta planta foi feito a fim de identificar esta planta como droga.
Peninha (Chamaecrista nictans subsp. patellaria var.ramosa Irwin & Barneby) plant is considered a weed, but in folk medicine is used for kidney problems and renal calculi. The pharmacognostic study was made in order to identify the plant as a drug.